CERN's massive particle accelerator at Geneva, Switzerland, has been closed down for a massive upgrade for years, and now it looks likely that the $8 billion Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will not be used for a trial run in November as planned. A number of technical setbacks has delayed the project, but the delay may not be all bad news, as it gives scientists more time to prepare for the real experiments. It is now scheduled for early 2008.
It is no secret, however, that the LHC is created for one purpose: to find the last major missing link in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, the Higgs Boson. The Standard Model is undoubtedly the most tested and most solidly confirmed piece of hard science in human history. Quantum mechanics may not be very intuitive, but its mathematical predictions are confirmed in experiments to a breathtaking accuracy.
What is missing is the Higgs particle, a mathematically predicted elementary particle that has the crucial job of explaining the mass of all other particles. The Higgs, unlike other particles we know about, is the particle corresponding to the (pretty literally) omnipresent Higgs field. The energy required to provoke its appearance in a particle accelerator has so far been missing, and that is the job of CERN's massive LHC.
There are, however, persistent rumours that the largest particle accelerator in the US, Fermilab's Tavatron, has already produced the Higgs particle, despite it being assumed that its energy was not sufficient to do that job within a feasible probability (quantum mechanics is about probability; so you can be lucky and beat the odds). The rumours are by no means confirmed, but appear better founded than earlier premature celebrations.
If the Higgs particle is actually found, it will not only steal a lot of CERN thunder. It will also mean that the entire Standard Model is essentially finished and confirmed, leaving only a few i's to dot and t's to cross.
What we don't know about the universe after that is the domain of still-speculative string theory, which actually can't be confirmed in any experiment we can currently imagine doing in the real world.
It has been stated that a particle accelerator required to confirm string theory would have to be the size of the Milky Way galaxy, which is quite beyond the EU's science budget, even if they should start reducing the French agricultural subsidies.
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