November 23, 2002
By MICHAEL T. KAUFMAN
Lynda Van Devanter, whose pained account of her life as an Army nurse in Vietnam
focused attention on the burdens of American servicewomen in the war, died on
Nov. 15 at her home in Herndon,
Va. She was 55.
At the Vietnam Veterans of America,
where Ms. Van Devanter founded and administered a project dealing with the concerns
and complaints of the 7,465 women who had served in Vietnam, a spokesman said
she had long been ill with a vascular
disease that she attributed to wartime exposure to chemical
agents.
"She had an Agent Orange
claim that we will continue to pursue for her daughter, Molly," said
the spokesman, Rick Weidman.
Ms. Van Devanter's memoir was "Home
Before Morning" (Beaufort Books, 1983), which helped inspire the television
series "China Beach."
In it, she wrote of her transformation in 1969 from "an all-American
girl" and idealistic supporter of the war into an overworked, confused
nurse at the 71st
Evacuation Hospital in Pleiku,
where the gore and horrors of war were constantly before her.
She wrote of surgeons' sometimes working drunk
on alcohol or high on drugs; of overburdened nurses and medics who sought release
not only in liquor but also in marijuana and desperate if casual relationships;
of the way her early pro-war enthusiasm waned amid the blood and casualties.
Her experience was so alarming to her that the most pleasurable work she could
later recall was her assignment to help a leper
colony of Vietnamese.
And then, after a year, it was over.
Her tour of duty in Vietnam completed, Lieutenant Van Devanter returned to the
United States to continue her service, only to discover another kind of pain.
"Somewhere between 1945 and 1970, words like bravery, sacrifice and valor
had gone out of vogue," she wrote. "When I returned to my country
I began to learn a very bitter lesson. In the eyes of most Americans, the military
services had no more heroes, merely baby-killers, misfits
and fools."
After her discharge she worked as a nurse in several civilian hospitals, but
failed to free herself of the traumas inflicted by Vietnam.
She later described her work record as spotty and her relationships as tormented
and unfulfilling. She drank heavily, she said, and cried continually.
"I was on unemployment and food
stamps and in therapy," Ms. Van Devanter said in an interview in 1981.
"But I never told my therapist I was in Vietnam. That's how deeply I buried it."
Then one night in 1979, while visiting friends on eastern
Long Island, she was awakened by a siren
from a nearby volunteer firehouse. It made the same sound as the alert that
had signaled rocket and mortar attacks on Pleiku, and Ms. Van Devanter found
herself compulsively crawling out of the house.
That led her to enlist in a counseling program known as "walking through
Vietnam," which in turn led her to write her memoir and to focus attention
on the concerns of female veterans.
At the outset of the book, which she wrote with Christopher
Morgan, she said she had initially tried "to exorcise the Vietnam War
from my mind and heart." In the process, she said, she learned that she
wanted not to obliterate her memories but rather to show "that the war
doesn't have to own me, I can own it."
She dedicated her book in part to "all of the unknown women who served
forgotten in their wars." When it appeared in 1983, it provoked a sharp
dispute between Vietnam War nurses who claimed that the accounts of partying,
drinking and drug use were exaggerated and those who insisted that the descriptions
were accurate.
The critics, who called themselves Nurses Against Misrepresentation,
or Nam, complained that Ms. Van Devanter's account could leave relatives of
dead soldiers believing that their kin had not received the best possible treatment.
But others jumped to the author's defense. One, Winnie Smith, has written that
she was close to suicide when she recognized the demons of her own traumatic
stress after reading "Home Before Morning." That experience led her
to write her own book in 1992, "American
Daughter Gone to War."
Ms. Van Devanter established the Women's
Project at the Vietnam Veterans of America, overseeing studies that underscored
her view that though Vietnam veterans in general were "a forgotten minority,"
the women who had served as nurses were "the most forgotten."
She cited complaints she gathered that no women had been included in studies
on the effects of the defoliant Agent
Orange and that veterans' hospitals provided no gynecological or obstetrics
clinics.
Ms. Van Devanter, a native of Arlington, Va., is survived
by her husband, Tom Buckley, and their daughter, Molly; a stepdaughter, Brigid
Buckley of Raleigh, N.C.; and Ms. Van Devanter's mother, Helen Van Devanter
of Sterling, Va.
Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company
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