Kingwell, a Toronto philosophy professor, asks a lot of other questions as well in his meandering bestseller Better Living (also released as In Pursuit of Happiness). His answers aren't up to the standards of those in his later, extraordinary book The World We Want, which I've previously written about. But then, the questions he asks in Better Living are as old as philosophy itself.
The book includes some wonderful quotes on the subject of happiness, such as:
Yes, I believe we may find
ourselves forced to approach the whole question of happiness, which
philosophers have gone round and about for so long. The idea of
happiness is surely the sun at the centre of our conceptual planetary
system -- and has proved just as hard to look at directly. [Michael
Frayn, A Landing on the Sun]
Although a rational pursuit of personal happiness, if it were common,
would suffice to regenerate the world, it is not probable that so
reasonable a motive will alone prove sufficiently powerful. [Bertrand
Russell]
"I always say you can have too much philosophy", Mrs. Kirkfield said.
"It isn't good for you. It's disorganizing. Everybody's got to wake up
sometime feeling that everything is terrible, because it is." [James
Thurber, Midnight at Tim's Place]
Here are some of Kingwell's thought provoking, and important, questions:
- What is happiness? Kingwell
dissects a lot of philosophers' answers to the question, but he doesn't
really get around to the one I've always found useful: The absence of
suffering.
- Does happiness drive our behaviour? If we're happy, or think we are, does that make us complacent, passive? Do we need to be really unhappy, or at least sufficiently unhappy, before we get out from behind our computers and do something about it?
- Does more information actually inhibit our ability and willingness to act? Neil Postman suggests
it does, which can actually lead to a sort of double paralysis: The
more we learn, the less confident we are that we know what to do, and
the more moral teachings we're subject to, the more fearful we are of
doing the 'wrong' thing. So doing nothing gets pretty tempting.
- Which is the easiest
route to happiness: lowering your expectations, putting your
dissatisfaction in rational perspective, or focusing on the positive? And is the easiest route the most honest? Can you rationalize your way past unhappiness? It's
foolish to blame yourself or dwell on things that you can't change, so
Bertrand Russell thought you should talk yourself logically out of all
your negative feelings. Kingwell is dubious it can be done.
- Would you trade permanent happiness for your ability to think? Kingwell wouldn't, and believes he's in the majority. I would, and I think I
am in the majority. Academic question perhaps, but an interesting and
provocative one, for what it implies about 'human nature'.
- Is news really information, if it doesn't inform us what to do?
Or is it all filler, meaningless stuff we're addicted to consuming the
same way we're addicted to consuming the equally empty and unsatisfying
products that eat up most of our earnings? The word information
suggests giving form, facilitating understanding, suggesting options
for response and action. But most news doesn't do any of these things.
Kingwell talks about news junkies who were forced by circumstances to
go 'cold turkey', and says most of them never read a newspaper again
even when they could. Sounds like an addiction to me.
- Are children, as a whole, happier than adults in the same culture and economic situation? If so, and if they are more sensitive than adults are, what's wrong with adults?
- Is the role of modern Western man to write and direct his own story? I've written a lot
about the importance of story and narrative, but it never occurred to
me that our fascination with story might be partly because we're
looking for scripts to steal, to incorporate into our own story, or
that, as Kingwell suggests, happiness is nothing more that writing and
starring in your own, satisfying, story. This could also explain why
we're so conservative in terms of making sudden changes in our lives:
Perhaps we recognize that discontinuity in narrative is jarring. And
those moments when we first wake up in a jumble of confusion each
morning are perhaps nothing more than attempts to find 'our place' in
the script we're in the process of writing for ourselves.
Interesting questions. Still sorting out some answers in my head. In the meantime, I'd welcome yours.
Kingwell has recently been doing some interesting work with Naomi Klein on cultural jamming, while a new Canadian book suggests it's impossible to jam the culture. And Klein has made a film
about how entrepreneurship in Argentina rescued the country from ruin
when the corporatists fled for their lives after the recent financial
collapse. I'll have more to say on this in an upcoming post.
Photo: source unknown, 2001. Not my work, alas.
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