Dave Pollard's environmental philosophy, creative works, business papers and essays.
In search of a better way to live and make a living, and a better understanding of how the world really works.




 

  January 2, 2007


consumption & emissions per capita
Werner Flueck sent me a copy of a 1995 article (not available online, but read a précis here) in the journal Population & Environment called "The Environmental Consequences of Having a Baby in the United States", by SUNY professor Charles Hall et al. In summary they report:

Each American born in the 1990s will produce in a lifetime approximately 1.5 million kilograms (3.3 million lbs.) of atmospheric wastes (mostly CO2), 10 million kilograms (22 million lbs.) of liquid wastes, and one million kilograms (2.2 million lbs.) of solid wastes (mostly pro-rata share of agricultural, mining and construction wastes, and including 83,000 kg (185,000 pounds) of hazardous & toxic waste.

Each American will consume 700,000 kilograms (1.5 million lbs.) of minerals (mostly sand and gravel), and 24 billion BTUs of energy -- equivalent to 4000 barrels of oil (40% in petroleum products, 25% each in natural gas and coal). In a lifetime, an average American will eat 25,000 kilograms (55,000 lbs.) of plant foods (20% each in vegetables, sweeteners, fruits & juices, grains, and other plant products) and 28,000 kilograms (60,000 lbs.) of animal products (70% milk, 7% each beef, chicken and pork), provided in part by slaughtering 2000 animals (>90% poultry)

Each American's consumption will result in the permanent loss of approximately one hectare (2.5 acres) of forest, wilderness and wetlands, and the incremental poisoning with chemicals of fifty times this acreage, mostly with oil-based fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. Each American will also consume in a lifetime 162,000 cubic meters (5.7 million cubic feet) of fresh water and directly or indirectly 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet) of timber.

These numbers include both direct effluents and consumption and the pro rata share of industrial and commercial effluents and consumption used to sustain a median lifestyle. This is a massive 'footprint' for each additional human added to the American mosaic. I've tried to show this graphically and approximately to scale (1:1500) above, with consumption depicted as arrows coming in and emissions as arrows going out (to be even visible at this scale, the baby is shown supported by his/her parents). Density data is from the Internet and calculations have been double-checked.

Multiply these numbers by the 1,000,000,000 humans being added, net, to Earth's population every 15 years (of course they don't all consume at US levels, but meanwhile there are 6 billion more mostly aspiring to increase their wealth and consumption to those levels) and you'll understand the meaning of unsustainability.

The authors don't attempt to quantify how much each child added to the population contributes to species extinction, for the simple reason that we are extinguishing species at a rate faster than we are discovering them, so we will never know how many species we've extinguished, in aggregate or per capita.

Every $100 spent by Americans on goods and services entails the use, on average, of 50 litres (13 gallons) of petroleum or equivalent energy. Next time you carry in your grocery bags, imagine the volume of oil consumed to produce and distribute it: You'll appreciate why Richard Manning's groundbreaking Harper's article on the inefficiency of our food production systems is called The Oil We Eat.

In the Population & Environment article, the authors debunk the arguments that more efficient technologies will reduce this per-capita 'environmental impact', and that public pressure or commitment to improve conservation or reduce pollution will have any net effect on this impact.

They conclude:

The most effective way an individual can protect the global environment, and hence protect the well-being of all living people, is to abstain from creating another human being.


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