Roberto Jorquera & Neville Spencer
The crisis that Haiti is facing is, however, not simply due to the policies of the Aristide government, but is partly a consequence of US policies.
Since the beginning of the century, the US has intervened in Haiti in a similar fashion to the way it has in the rest of Latin America. In 1915, US marines occupied the country for 20 years to make sure that it would pay its debt to the US. After their withdrawal in 1934, the US installed Francois “Papa Doc” Duvalier who was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier. Baby Doc was eventually forced out of power in 1985 after massive protests against his notoriously corrupt and repressive regime.
Aristide, a radical priest influenced by liberation theology, was first elected president of Haiti in 1990 in a landslide victory to his Lavalas Movement. His election was based on a program that promoted social reform and a push to dismantle the bureaucracy that had developed under the Duvalier dictatorships.
Within seven months of his election, the old remnants of the dictatorship staged a military coup that forced Aristide into exile, while US-backed death squads killed thousands of his supporters.
In 1994, the US supported an operation dubbed “restoring democracy” which returned Aristide to power, though only once he had signed agreements to implement neoliberal economic policies and accepted the dictates of International Monetary Fund.
However, battling popular opposition to such neoliberal policies from his own supporters, Aristide dragged his feet on their implementation and still remained prone to occasional bursts of anti-US and anti-imperialist rhetoric.
Thus, while Aristide was less of a threat to the interests of US imperialism and the local ruling class than he had been, he was far from being their ideal candidate. But while he has commanded overwhelming popular support, there has been little that they could do about him — short of engineering another coup.
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